Paralecanographa grumulosa and other lichens on the walls of St Nicholas’ Church, Bramber, West Sussex. 24.06.25

My interest in this church was peaked by this listing in the Sussex Rare Plant Register (which also includes lichens)

Lecanactis hemisphaerica [now Paralecanographa grumulosa], Churchyard Lecanactis

This species, which usually occurs on window ledges on the north side of churches, was first found in Sussex by Francis Rose and Peter James on mortar on Pagham Church in 1990. Since then, it has been found at several other sites in Sussex. Its British headquarters is south-eastern England.

Location / Grid ref. / Last seen
West Thorney Church SU769024 1990
Boxgrove Priory SU907075 1990
Pagham Churchyard SZ883976 1993
Bramber Churchyard TQ186106 2001
Hamsey Church TQ413121 2001
Rodmell Church TQ421062 1990
Pevensey Castle TQ644048 1990
Camber Castle TQ921184 1997

I had never heard if this lichen, so I looked it up. It is now called Paralecanographa grumulosa and it is considered Nationally Scarce by the British Lichen Society

There are many more interesting lichens on the walls of this church. I have detailed some of them here. This is very far from a complete survey of the lichens of the church; these are just what I found on a two-hour visit.

North Wall

Paralecanographa grumulosa in the surrounds of windows of north walls of churches.

The fact that its apothecia were large, roundish and elongate, black, and partially  immersed. with grey pruina (see description in Dorset Lichens) made it obvious that this was P. grumulosa, even though I had never seen it before, as the description of its apothecia is unlike any other lichen I know. However, I did do a chemical reagent test, and a tiny drop of sodium hypochlorite turned its thallus red.

Also on the north wall was another rare lichen: Ingaderia vandenboomii. Rare, on vertical coastal siliceous rocks and on north facing church walls. BLS conservation evaluation: Least Concern but Nationally Scarce

When its thin, sightly uneven thallus is white-pink it is fairly easy to spot by overall appearance; but the thallus is not always white-pink. However, a tiny drop of sodium hypochlorite turned its thallus instantly red

Xanthoria parietina Golden Shield Lichen

Tephromela atra Black-eye Lichen

Myriolecis dispersa Mortar Rim Lichen

Variospora flavescens Limestone Lobed Firedot

West Wall

Variospora flavescens Limestone Lobed Firedot

Verrucaria nigrescens

Myriolecis albescens

South Wall

Verrucaria viridula

Myriolecis albescens

Variospora flavescens Limestone Lobed Firedot

Clauzadea monticola

East Wall

Sarcogyne regularis Frosted Grain-spored Lichen

Even if you are not interested in lichens, St Nicholas is a very  beautiful example of early norman architecture sited in a spectacular location next to the ruined Norman Bramber Castle

Bramber church stands on the same mound as the ruined castle and William de Braose, Lord of the Rape of Bramber, founded both. … The finest C11 work is in the crossing ..   The capitals are carved with volutes, heads and in one case the story of the fox and geese.  George Zarnecki (Zarnecki (1951) sees their flat carving, which is subordinated to the shape of the capitals, as further evidence of their C11 dateBramber St. Nicholas’  Sussex Parish Churches

Lichens at Stopham Church. 14.06.25

Francis Rose considered St Mary’s to be one of the best churches in Sussex for lichens.  At present Stopham Church has the highest score, with over 130 lichens present Rose 1995 The Habitats and Vegetation of Sussex p.27. I didn’t have much time today for a good look today as I stopped off for just two hours in my journey back home from leading a bird walk; my total fell well short of 130!

The church stands on high ground near the confluence of the Arun and the Rother.  Most houses are nearby, well away from the fine mainly C15 bridge (no longer used by through traffic), where the risk of flooding was too great. Sussex Parish Churches: Stopham

Churchyards are of supreme importance for lichen conservation, particularly where there are no natural outcrops of rock. Of the 2000 British species, over a third have been found in churchyards and more than 600 have been found growing on churchyard stone in lowland England. Many are scarce and some seldom, if ever, occur in other habitats. Many churchyards are found to have well over 100 species. Churchyards provide an excellent environment for the study of lichen biology and colonisation. British Lichen Society Churchyard Lichens

South-facing wall

Lecanora polytropa Granite-speck Rim Lichen

Haematomma ochroleucum

Porpidia soredizodes

Myriolecis albescens

Candelariella vitellina Common Goldspeck

West-facing Wall

Myriolecis albescens

Tephromela atra Black-eye Lichen

Cladonia chlorophaea 

Cladonia pyxidata

North-facing Wall

Ingaderia vandenboomii

Psilolechia lucida Sulphur Dust Lichen

Glaucomaria sulphurea

Variospora flavescens Limestone Lobed Firedot

Diplotomma alboatrum

Leproplaca chrysodeta

East-facing wall

Circinaria calcarea Calcareous Rimmed Lichen

Tephromela atra being parasitised by Glaucomaria sulphurea